Research response to pathogen X during a pandemic

Background

Since 2015, the WHO has implemented a comprehensive global research strategy and preparedness plan known as the WHO R&D Blueprint for Epidemics. A centrepiece of this work is the WHO pathogen priority list which ensures research efforts are concentrated on diseases with epidemic or pandemic potential where medical countermeasures and limited or non-existent. Since November 2022, a new approach has been implemented, focusing on entire classes of viruses or bacteria rather than individual pathogens. Around 200+ scientists from 53 countries are independently evaluating the evidence related to 30 viral families, one core group of bacteria, and “Pathogen X” – an unknown pathogen with the potential to trigger a severe global epidemic. This new approach will also help identify representative viruses (or prototypes) within a viral family as a pathfinder in generating evidence and filling knowledge gaps that may then apply to other viruses of threat in the same family[1].

Improved pandemic preparedness could be achieved by proactively managing emerging virus threats focused on four discreet activities using currently available tools:

• discovery and surveillance,
• targeted basic research,
• translational research and product development, and
• clinical trial infrastructure and deployment capacity.

Many have proposed a variety of approaches including promoting basic research, translational research, coordination of access to data, and development of prototype vaccines among others. Coordinating and accelerating global research must promote universal values. Regarding a collaborative effort to ensure access to MCMs during pandemics, some have emphasized the importance of speed and sometimes cost in responding to future pandemics.  It is equally important to take a broader view that recognizes the primary importance of quality, equity in access, and trust in the products' safety and efficacy. As a community, we need to explore the different scientific challenges openly and broadly, discuss the scientific solutions being proposed; outline the various potential actions and what problem(s) each action will address[2]. A series of four consultations have been planned to discuss these matters.

OBJECTIVES OF THE CONSULTATIONS

• To review the state of the art and the scientific opportunities and challenges
• To outline cross-cutting scientific actions are needed (globally and at the country level) to address the development challenges.
• To discuss and clarify the utility of establishing generalizable research approaches relative to specific product development within viral families.