Public Health Situation Analysis - Syrian Arab Republic

Overview

In recent years, Syria was comprised of a patchwork of areas under the control of various non-stage actor groups (NSAG). As of June 2025, this territorial fragmentation had greatly reduced, with only North East (NE) Syria under an autonomous administration and a section of the Syrian- Türkiye border under Turkish control.

Following the political transition in December 2024, the dynamics of the Syrian conflict have altered significantly, with a decrease in large-scale fighting. However, some areas, have since experienced a sharp increase in crime, violent incidents, and armed clashes, leading to significant civilian casualties, disruptions in agriculture and business activities, restricted humanitarian access in some areas, and a sense of lawlessness among the population.

Following a reported dispute between local factions and Bedouin tribes, violence in As-Sweida has escalated. Despite a 19 July ceasefire, clashes continue, with control contested between Druze groups, Bedouin tribes and government forces. As of 20 July, more than 90 000 people have been displaced. The health system is collapsing. All hospitals and health centers are either non-functional or severely degraded.

The humanitarian situation in Syria remains extremely critical. After more than 13 years of civil war, around 90% of the population lives in poverty and is largely dependent on humanitarian aid. Half of the country's infrastructure, including hospitals, schools and water supply systems, has been severely damaged or destroyed.

Around 15.8 million people (almost 65% of the population) are in dire need of life-saving essential primary and secondary health assistance in 2025, an increase of 936,050 (6%) from 2024. Overall, 264 out of 270 sub-districts are classified as being under severe or extreme conditions according to the health sector severity scale.