Landscape analysis examines the extent to which the problems identified during needs assessment are addressed in national plans, polices and services.

Landscape analysis develops an overview of national (i) laws and policies, (ii) plans and strategies, (iii) stakeholders, (iv) implementation of programmes, (v) financing and (vi) current evidence-based interventions.

Checklist for landscape analysis

• Are the problems identified in step 1 (needs assessment) sufficiently addressed in national plans and polices? To what extent does the national health plan integrate adolescents’ needs and concerns into its goals and programming? 
• Are there specific laws or policies that may impede adolescents’ access to health services? 
• What are the existing interventions and programmes? Do those programmes respond to social, economic and other determinants of adolescents’ health and well-being across well-being domains? 
• What are the gaps in the delivery of programmes and services? 
• Which stakeholders and organizations are involved in planning, managing, implementing and M&E of these activities at the national and subnational levels? 
• What are the scale, scope, quality, coverage and evidence of impact of existing adolescent health and well-being programmes in the country?
• What systems are in place to support capacity development, supportive supervision, coordination and other planning and management functions? 
• How are interventions in relevant sectors tailored to reach particular groups of adolescents by age, sex, location, educational level and other sociodemographic variables? 
• What is the level of funding for existing programmes and how are the funds allocated? Are currently funded activities aligned with the evidence-based practices recommended in the AA-HA! guidance (see Chapter 3)? 
• Are youth involved in the design, implementation and monitoring of the programmes? Do marginalized groups, such as the disabled, street workers, orphans and other vulnerable groups in humanitarian settings, have equal opportunities to participate?
• What are the supply and demand barriers to access to quality services experienced by adolescents, and what financial protection is available? 
• What are the gaps (such as recommended interventions or identified needs that are not reflected in national or subnational responses)? 
• Who are the stakeholders?
• What data sources can provide more information on identified gaps and so need to be explored in order to complete the landscape analysis?

Key methods and data sources for landscape analysis are much like those for a needs assessment, but the information gathered focuses on the response to adolescents’ needs. 

Methods and data sources for landscape analysis

• Desk review of data sources – for example, the health information management system, including data from facility-based registry systems, summary reports from individual patient record systems, community-level record systems and health facility assessments; Global Health Observatory data; and data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), the Global School-Based Student Health Survey, the World Mental Health Survey Initiative and the Global Youth Tobacco Survey; national disease surveillance records; national vital statistics; educational records; reports from key ministries serving adolescents; reports from research studies and research findings from projects working with vulnerable groups or in fragile settings;
• desk review of national, regional and global estimates from, for example, Global Health Estimates, the Global Burden of Disease study (440, 441) or global status reports (275). Estimates are especially useful in countries where civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) systems are weak and required data are not readily available; the WHO resource bank on adolescent health and well-being includes a database and resources for statistics across key health areas (442) that can be used to extrapolate data in the absence of reliable national data;
• desk review of research such as national and subnational studies, peer-reviewed articles and other country assessments;
• desk review of policy documents (such as data from project evaluations); 
• interviews with key stakeholders from the health sector and other sectors and UN agencies (UNAIDS, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNICEF, WHO, UN Women);
• focus group discussions with adolescents and youth.
• Ideally, data are presented disaggregated by age group (10–14 years and 15–19 years) and sex, as well as by geographic location, to facilitate comparisons.